Crowds from across Britain and the world gathered on Saturday in London where Charles III will be crowned king in Britain's biggest ceremonial event for seven decades, a sumptuous display of pageantry dating back 1,000 years.
Charles succeeded his mother Queen Elizabeth when she died last September and at 74, he will become the oldest British monarch to have the 360-year-old St Edward's Crown placed on his head as he sits upon a 14th century throne at London's Westminster Abbey.
Watched by about 100 heads of state and dignitaries, including U.S. first lady Jill Biden, and millions on television, Charles follows his predecessors from the time of William the Conqueror in 1066 in being crowned at the abbey.
His second wife Camilla, 75, will be crowned queen during the two-hour ceremony which, while rooted in history, will attempt to present a forward-looking monarchy.
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With Britain struggling to find its way in the political maelstrom after its exit from the European Union and maintain its standing in a new world order, for its supporters the royal family still provides an international draw, a vital diplomatic tool and a means of staying on the world stage.
"No other country could put on such a dazzling display - the processions, the pageantry, the ceremonies, and street parties," Prime Minister Rishi Sunak said.
Despite Sunak's enthusiasm, the coronation is taking place amid a cost of living crisis and public scepticism, particularly among the young, about the role and relevance of the monarchy.
Saturday's event will be on a smaller scale than that staged for Queen Elizabeth in 1953, but will still aim to be spectacular, featuring an array of historical regalia from golden orbs and bejewelled swords to a sceptre holding the world's largest colourless cut diamond.
By early morning tens of thousands had begun massing along The Mall, the grand boulevard leading up to Buckingham Palace, with the crowd more than 20 people deep in some places, as troops in ceremonial uniforms and marching bands went past.
Rachel Paisley, a 45-year-old housewife, said she had travelled from her home in Switzerland with her husband and two children.
"It is a moment in history. We wanted to be here to see it and create some memories," she said next to her son, wearing a Charles face mask, and her daughter, who sported a Union flag head band.
However, not all were there to cheer Charles, with republicans planning their biggest protest against the monarchy.
More than 11,000 police are being deployed to stamp out any attempted disruption, and the Republic campaign group said its leader Graham Smith had been arrested along with five other protesters.
"It is disgusting and massively over the top," said Kevin John, 57, who was among the anti-monarchy protesters. "It is also hugely counterproductive by the police because all it has done is create a massive amount of publicity for us."
After the service, Charles and Camilla will depart in the four-tonne Gold State Coach that was built for George III, the last king of Britain's American colonies, riding back to Buckingham Palace in a one-mile procession of 4,000 military personnel from 39 nations.
It will be the largest show of its kind in Britain since the coronation of Charles' mother.
GREAT AND GOOD
Inside the abbey, politicians, judges and representatives from Commonwealth nations took their seats alongside charity workers and figures from the arts, including actors Emma Thompson, Maggie Smith, Judi Dench and playwright Tom Stoppard.
At the start of ceremonies, Charles and Camilla will travel from Buckingham Palace to the abbey in the modern Diamond State Jubilee Coach, with the service due to begin at 1000 GMT.
Much of the ceremony will feature elements that Charles' forebears right back to King Edgar in 973 would recognise, officials said. Handel's coronation anthem "Zadok The Priest" will be sung as it has at every coronation since 1727.
But there will be new elements, including an anthem composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, famed for his West End and Broadway theatre shows, and a gospel choir.
A Christian service, there will also be an "unprecedented" greeting from faith leaders and Charles's grandson Prince George and the grandchildren of Camilla will act as pages.
However, there will be no formal role for either Charles' younger son Prince Harry, after his high-profile falling out with his family, or his brother Prince Andrew, who was forced to quit royal duties because of his friendship with late U.S. financier Jeffrey Epstein, a convicted sex offender.
Charles will swear oaths to govern justly and uphold the Church of England - of which he is the titular head - before the most sacred part of the ceremony when he is anointed on his hands, head and breast by Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby with holy oil consecrated in Jerusalem.
After Charles is presented with symbolic regalia, Welby will place the St Edward's Crown on his head and the congregation will cry "God save the King".
His eldest son and heir Prince William, 40, will pay homage, kneeling before his father and pledging his loyalty as "your liege man of life and limb".
ALLEGIANCE
Welby will call for all those in the abbey and across the nation to swear allegiance to Charles - a new element that replaces the homage traditionally sworn by senior dukes and peers of the realm.
However, that has caused controversy, with Republic calling it offensive, forcing Welby to clarify it is an invitation not a command.
After returning to Buckingham Palace, the royals will make a traditional appearance on the balcony, with a fly-past by military aircraft.
Also in traditional British fashion, the weather in London could feature heavy bursts of rain, forecasters said.
Celebrations will continue on Sunday with nationwide street parties and a concert at the king's Windsor Castle home, while volunteering projects will take place on Monday.
"When you see everyone dressed up and taking part it is just fantastic. It makes you so proud," said teacher Andy Mitchell, 63, who left his house in the early hours to get into London.
"My big concern is that younger people are losing interest in all of this and it won't be the same in the future."
Reuters