London - Are you happy with your sex life? If the answer is “no”, you’re not alone. Studies suggest that behind closed doors, millions are struggling to find the time or inclination to make love.
A recent survey suggested 40 percent of couples thought their sex life could be better.
Libido varies from person to person, but if you’ve noticed a change in desire, or sexual function, it’s worth investigating because it could be a sign of a physical or mental health issue, says Michael Perring, a GP specialising in sexual medicine.
“Generally, if a person has a good sex life it’s an indicator of good health. Low libido or erectile dysfunction can sometimes indicate an underlying condition such as diabetes.”
Here the experts reveal the most common passion killers – and advise on how to tackle them.
COLD FEET
Surprisingly, one simple way for women to boost their libido is to pop on a pair of socks.
In a study at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, researchers found that 80 percent of women involved were able to achieve orgasm when they were given socks to wear, compared with 50 percent when barefooted.
According to Gert Holstege, who led the study, it’s all connected to how safe and comfortable women feel. The regions of the brain responsible for anxiety and fear – the amygdala and prefrontal cortex – need to be deactivated for a woman to successfully reach climax.
“A pleasant environment, which includes the room temperature, is an important part of making her feel safe,” he says.
ANTI-BALDNESS DRUGS
Some men worry that baldness affects their attractiveness, but the treatment for it may leave them under-performing in the bedroom, says Radha Modgil, a GP in London who specialises in sexual health.
“Lots of men come (to) see me asking for finasteride, a drug that treats male baldness.
“But when I tell them this drug behaves by blocking the male hormone testosterone and can, therefore, have an effect on libido and erectile function, they tend to have a change of heart.”
Worryingly, the effect may not be instantly reversible. A study last year of 71 men, by Dr Michael Irwig at the University of Washington, found that finasteride can cause persistent sexual dysfunction lasting for an average of 40 months after stopping taking the drug.
THYROID TROUBLE
For women in their forties and fifties, another big cause of a drop in sexual desire is under-active thyroid or hypothyroidism.
“If the thyroid is under-active it causes tiredness, depression and a general lack of motivation, which will, of course, have an impact on someone’s appetite for sex,” explains Modgil. It can usually be successfully treated with drugs.
TV IN THE BEDROOM
Couples who have a TV in their bedroom have sex half as often as those who don’t, according to a 2006 study of 523 Italian couples.
The study also found that what you watch could play a role in your sexual relationship: violent films and reality TV were the biggest passion killers.
BLEEDING GUMS
Men with gum disease are three times more likely to suffer erectile dysfunction, according to research published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine in December last year. Researchers from Inonu University, Turkey, suggest that erectile dysfunction and gum disease are caused by similar risk factors, such as ageing, smoking, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
This doesn’t mean that flossing will save your sex life — but if you have bleeding gums and impotence, it could be down to poor circulation, and your body’s way of telling you to have a heart health check.
BUNGED-UP NOSE
A growing body of evidence is showing the importance of smell in libido, and our ability to attract and be attracted to people.
Last year, a study at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden found that men with anosmia - no sense of smell - have significantly fewer sexual partners on average.
The researchers said this could be because we subconsciously use smell to recognise others’ emotional states.
‘A lot of social signals are transported through the olfactory channel, and they are probably missing them,’ said lead author Ilona Croy, a psychologist at the university.
Smell is also important because of pheromones - scents given off by a partner’s body through sweat.
Brain scan studies by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden show that the smell of testosterone and oestrogen activates the hypothalamus - the area of the brain responsible for mood, sexual behaviour and hormones.
This may help to explain why 83 percent of people with allergies report that their condition affects their sex life, according to a recent study in Allergy and Asthma Proceedings.
GIN AND TONIC HABIT
Alcohol is well known to affect sexual performance, and part of the reason it does so is that it reduces skin sensitivity.
“A very small amount of alcohol will lower inhibitions, but anything over a few pints or a couple or glasses of wine affects co-ordination and balance, and also causes skin analgesia,’ says Perring.
Furthermore, the way the body metabolises alcohol seems to reduce the amount of an enzyme needed for the testes to produce testosterone.
One recent study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine suggests binge drinking youngsters could be setting themselves up for long-term problems having sex.
Most worryingly, the researchers found that the men studied continued to suffer problems even after abstaining for two years.
This may be because it has a long-term effect on testosterone production, or because of alcohol’s role in diseases. “Long-term alcohol use damages the heart and the liver, all of which can affect sexual function,” says Graham Jackson, a cardiologist and the chairman of the Sexual Advice Association.
There may be bad news for gin and tonic drinkers. Quinine, found in tonic, lowered sperm concentration in rats, according to studies at the University of Lagos in Nigeria. However, the amounts the rats were given were in excess of those most people would drink.
CREAKY JOINTS
Surprisingly, your 60s and 70s can be a golden age in a couple’s sex life.
“Generally, people have more confidence now than at any other time, and hopefully life has become a bit more relaxing,” says Paula Hall, a psychotherapist at Relate, which specialises in relationship and sex advice.
However, the joint pain associated with osteoarthritis can be a huge barrier to a couple’s sex life, adds Angela Jacklin, an occupational therapist for the charity Arthritis Research UK.
“Sometimes it’s too painful to even turn over in bed, let alone have sex. The pain is also often worse at night or first thing in the morning. It’s an area that can cause great distress, but in the medical field we too often overlook it.”
She says communication with your partner is important - you may need to plan your time to take advantage of days and times when the pain is less bad. Try the Arthritis Research UK website for further advice.
BLOOD PRESSURE
Certain blood pressure medications are known to affect peoples’ sex lives.
“If you take a tablet for your blood pressure and you stop being able to get erections within two to four weeks it’s probably the drug, but if it’s after a year or two it’s more likely to be a circulation problem,” says Jackson.
“Diuretics tend to be the drugs that cause problems by decreasing the force of blood flow into the penis. But angiotensin receptor blockers, which are also taken for high blood pressure, actually help sex lives – women’s as well as men’s.
“They work in the same way as Viagra – they help the tissues to relax, allowing better blood flow.”
PILL THAT’S A TURN-OFF
Somewhat ironically, a number of studies have shown that the Pill is linked to a reduced sex drive in women.
In 2010, researchers at the University of Heidelberg analysed data from 1 046 female students and found those who used hormonal contraceptives – such as the Pill or a contraceptive implant – were most at risk of female sexual dysfunction, an umbrella term that can include low desire and arousal and problems reaching orgasm.
Modgil says: “It may be the balance of hormones in the body getting out of kilter. I find it happens after two to three months of starting or changing the Pill, and we do see the same effect with the implant.”
LOVE HANDLES
Here’s a motivating thought for when you’re on the treadmill – keeping a healthy weight is crucial for a satisfying sex life.
“Obesity changes the levels of testosterone in the body, which affects libido in both men and women,” says Modgil. “It also reduces blood flow and energy levels – and it raises your risk of heart disease, which can affect sexual function.”
Weight gain can put strain on the pelvic floor muscle, says physiotherapist Sammy Margo, which may be even more of a problem in women who have had children.
“A tight, strong, pelvic floor muscle seems to make it easier to achieve orgasm.”
HAPPY PILLS
Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, can decrease sex drive too, says Lorraine Grover, a clinical nurse therapist in sexual well-being.
It’s thought to be down to the effect they have on the feel-good brain chemical dopamine – it blunts extreme emotions, which reduces depressive thinking, but also affects sexual desire.
“Antidepressants can cause sexual problems. You may need to take them to feel better, and then manage the difficulties or change (the) drug.”
Modgil adds: “I often try to encourage patients to have other treatments like counselling.”
– Daily Mail